Auto copy zu USB NTFS formatiert

Auto copy script to copy images and temp files to an USB drive formatted with NTFS when plugged in. This script uses rsync to copy files from the Photobooth data folder to the USB drive when it is plugged in. It also creates a status file that can be used to monitor the copy progress via a web page. The script is triggered via a udev rule when an USB drive with NTFS filesystem is plugged in.

Requires:

• python3
• rsync
• ntfs-3g
• udev

Installation

sudo touch /usr/local/bin/fotobox-copy.sh sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/fotobox-copy.sh sudo nano /usr/local/bin/fotobox-copy.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -Eeuo pipefail

# Configuration

PART="${1}"                   # e.g. sdb1
DEV="/dev/${PART}"
SRC="/var/www/html/data"
SUB1="images"
SUB2="tmp"
STATUS="/var/www/html/private/copystatus.json"

# ---------- Status helper ----------

write_status() {
local state="$1" pct="$2" msg="$3"
local tmp="${STATUS}.tmp"

# Create JSON safely

printf '{"state":"%s","percent":%s,"message":%s}\n' \
"$state" "$pct" "$(python3 -c "import json; print(json.dumps('$msg'))")" | sudo tee "$tmp" >/dev/null

sudo mv "$tmp" "$STATUS"
}

fail() {
local code="$1"
local line="$2"
write_status "error" 0 "Error (code ${code}) in line ${line}."
exit "$code"
}

trap 'fail $? $LINENO' ERR

# ---------- Start ----------

write_status "starting" 0 "USB detected: ${DEV}. Prepare..."

# Check if device exists

if [[ ! -b "$DEV" ]]; then
write_status "error" 0 "Device ${DEV} not found."
exit 1
fi

# Mount device if not already mounted

MNT="$(lsblk -no MOUNTPOINT "$DEV" | head -n1 || true)"
if [[ -z "${MNT}" ]]; then
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usbdrive

# mount mit 'flush' Option für exFAT hilft, Puffer schneller zu leeren

sudo mount -o flush "$DEV" /mnt/usbdrive
MNT="/mnt/usbdrive"
fi

DEST="${MNT}/images"
sudo mkdir -p "$DEST"

# Existenz der Quellordner prüfen

[[ -d "${SRC}/${SUB1}" ]] || { write_status "error" 0 "Source ${SUB1} missing"; exit 2; }
[[ -d "${SRC}/${SUB2}" ]] || { write_status "error" 0 "Source ${SUB2} missing"; exit 2; }

# ---------- Prepare Rsync ----------

# --no-inc-recursive: No jumping progress percentage
# --info=progress2: Compact progress output

RSYNC_OPTS=(
-rltD
--info=progress2
--no-inc-recursive
--no-owner --no-group --no-perms
--no-acls --no-xattrs
--omit-dir-times
--modify-window=2
)

write_status "copying" 1 "Calculate copy size..."

# Run rdync in dry-run to get total size

# stdbuf & tr to handle progress output line by line

set +e
sudo stdbuf -oL rsync "${RSYNC_OPTS[@]}" \
"${SRC}/${SUB1}" "${SRC}/${SUB2}" \
"$DEST/" 2>&1 | tr '\r' '\n' | while IFS= read -r line; do

    if [[ "$line" =~ ([0-9]{1,3})% ]]; then
      p="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"

      # Scale to 95% to leave room for final sync step
      # Prevents user from thinking it hung at 100%
      display_p=$(( p * 95 / 100 ))

      # Only update every percent to reduce writes
      write_status "copying" "$display_p" "Copied ${p}%..."
    fi

done
RSYNC_EXIT=${PIPESTATUS[0]}
set -e

if [ "$RSYNC_EXIT" -ne 0 ] && [ "$RSYNC_EXIT" -ne 24 ]; then
fail "$RSYNC_EXIT" "rsync failed"
fi

# ---------- Final sync ----------

write_status "syncing" 96 "Finalise copy..."

# Sync to ensure all data is written to stick to avoid corruption

sync

write_status "done" 100 "Done. You can remove the USB drive now."

# Unmount only if we mounted it

if [[ "${MNT}" == "/mnt/usbdrive" ]]; then

# Give some time to ensure all writes are done

sleep 1
sudo umount /mnt/usbdrive || sudo umount -l /mnt/usbdrive
fi

exit 0

Setup udev rule

echo 'ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="partition", ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}=="ntfs", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/fotobox-copy.sh %k"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/99-fotobox-autocopy.rules

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
sudo udevadm trigger

Create status file and set permissions

sudo touch /var/www/html/private/copystatus.json
sudo chown root:www-data /var/www/html/private/copystatus.json
sudo chmod 664 /var/www/html/private/copystatus.json
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/private

Create status page to monitor progress in folder private sudo -u www-data nano /var/www/html/private/status.php

<?php
?>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="de">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title>Kopiervorgang…</title>
</head>
<body style="
  background-image: url('/private/images/background/Copy_Background.jpg');
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow-x:hidden;
  overflow-y:hidden;">

<div id="wrap" style="min-height:100vh; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; padding:20px;">
  <div style="background:#fff; padding:20px; border-radius:12px; width:min(520px,90vw); box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.3);">
    <div id="copyMsg" style="margin-bottom:10px;">Warte auf Status…</div>
    <div style="height:18px; background:#eee; border-radius:10px; overflow:hidden;">
      <div id="copyBar" style="height:100%; width:0%; background:#3b82f6;"></div>
    </div>
    <div id="copyPct" style="margin-top:8px; font-size:14px; opacity:.8;">0%</div>
  </div>
</div>

<script>
(async function(){
  const bar = document.getElementById('copyBar');
  const msg = document.getElementById('copyMsg');
  const pct = document.getElementById('copyPct');

  // Passe ggf. den Pfad an:
  const STATUS_URL = '/private/copystatus.json';
  const BACK_URL   = '../index.php';

  async function poll(){
    try {
      const r = await fetch(STATUS_URL, { cache: 'no-store' });
      if(!r.ok) throw new Error('Status page not reachable: ' + r.status);
      const s = await r.json();

      const state = (s.state || '').toLowerCase();
      const p = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, Number(s.percent ?? 0)));

      bar.style.width = p + '%';
      msg.textContent = s.message || (state ? ('Status: ' + state) : 'Kopiere ');
      pct.textContent = p + '%';

      if (state === 'done') {
        bar.style.width = '100%';
        msg.textContent = s.message || 'Fertig.';
        pct.textContent = '100%';
        setTimeout(() => window.location.href = BACK_URL, 3000);
        return;
      }

      // Optional: handle error state
      if (state === 'error') {
        msg.textContent = s.message || 'Copy error.';
        return;
      }

    } catch(e) {
      msg.textContent = 'No status available.';
      // do not jump to status page, it will flicker otherwise
    } finally {
      setTimeout(poll, 400);
    }
  }

  poll();
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>

Create auto-refresh script to redirect to status page when copy is running sudo nano /var/www/html/private/copyrun.js

(async function(){
  const STATUS_URL  = '/private/copystatus.json';
  const STATUS_PAGE = '/private/status.php';

  async function check(){
    try {
      const r = await fetch(STATUS_URL + '?t=' + Date.now(), { cache: 'no-store' });
      if (!r.ok) throw new Error('no status');
      const s = await r.json();
      const state = (s.state || '').toLowerCase();

      if (state === 'starting' || state === 'copying') {
        // >>> HIER passiert der Sprung <<<
        window.location.href = STATUS_PAGE;
        return;
      }
    } catch(e) {
      // no status file or error - do nothing
    }
    setTimeout(check, 600);
  }

  check();
})();